In this case, we need to sort the data as we are going to use by processing in proc transpose. The proc transpose is part of the sas language that does not get used as much as it should. There is a summary sheet at the end of the paper as well for later reference. This article will walk through the different uses of proc transpose, providing a. Working with variables most of the time, youll need to make modifications to your variables before you can analyze your data. This paper presents an easy beforeandafter approach to learning proc transpose. Abstract proc transpose is an extremely powerful tool for making long files wide, and wide files less wide or long, but getting it to do what you need often involves a lot of time, effort, and a substantial knowledge of sas functions and data step processing. The first step in the process is to alter the dataset so that we can distinguish the.
Instead, for each by group, proc transpose creates one observation for each variable that it transposes. Proc transpose provides the ability to go from a long dataset where there are multiple rows for a given subject to a wide dataset where there are multiple columns for a subject. For more information, see indatabase processing for proc transpose. There are several ways to reshape data from a long to a wide format in sas. Firstobsn specifies the first observation to process.
For reference here and use later, we store the names in character variable origvar. When you wish to process an already created sas data set instead of raw data, the set. How to reshape data long to wide using proc transpose. Common object types for use with sas are files and directories. Its a very powerful procedure when you need to change the shape of the data. This tutorial explains the basic and intermediate applications of proc transpose with examples. Proc transpose to issue a warning message and stop. Proc transpose in its simplest form transposes all numeric variables in the.
For a data set in wide format such as the one below, we can reshape it into long format using proc transpose. The transpose procedure or how to turn it around sas support. Using proc transpose mainly requires grasping the syntax and recognizing how to apply different statements and options in proc transpose to different types of data transposition. Taming the proc transpose sas proceedings and more. Because the copy statement copies variables directly to the output data set, the number of observations in the output data set is equal to the number of observations in the input data set. Transposing one group of variables for a data set in wide format such as the one below, we can reshape it into long format using proc transpose. Visualizing proc transpose sas proceedings and more.
Sometimes you need to reshape your data which is in a long format shown below famid year faminc 1 96 40000 1 97 40500 1 98 4 2 96 45000 2 97 45400 2 98 45800 3 96 75000 3 97 76000 3 98 77000. Type is the by variable, and sold, notsold, repaired, and junked are the variables to transpose. Below is an example of using sas proc transpose to reshape the data from a long to a wide format. From the first output of proc print, we see that the data now is in long format except that we dont have a numeric variable indicating year. Transposition with by groups shows what happens when you transpose a data set with by groups. We will begin with a small data set with only one variable to be reshaped. Data transposition is the process of restructuring values of a sas data set by turning selected variables into observations. Sas statistical analysis system is one of the most popular software for data analysis.
Sas data set options dropvariables excludes variables from processing. To print the output data set from the proc transpose step, use proc print, proc report, or another sas reporting tool. Proc transpose as sas documentation says, the transpose procedure can often eliminate the need to write a lengthy data step to achieve the same result. So, you need to use proc print, proc report, or some other sas reporting tool if you want to print the output data. Proc sql a primer for sas programmers jimmy defoor citi card irving, texas the structured query language sql has a very different syntax and, often, a very different method of creating the desired results than the sas data step and the sas procedures. It is very helpful when needing to shift data from rows to columns or vice versa. Thus, if we run the following simple proc transpose step. The original variables all had comma sas formats note. Proc transpose can be used to rotate transpose sas data sets. Data transposition with proc report midwest sas users group. For example, you have data in vertical long format and you are asked to change it to horizontal wide format. Sas will use the data set naming convention data1, data2, etc.
The ability to effectively transpose a data set is very important when working with different data structures and different data standards. These advantages include reduced network traffic, and the potential for faster processing. Li, city of hope national medical center, duarte, ca abstract a common data managing task for sas programmers is transposing data. The proc transpose is part of the sas language that does not get used as. To create transposed variable, the procedure transposes the values of an observation in the input data set into values of a variable in the output data set. The sortinplace paradigm made the most of the limited resources at the time, and almost every sas program had at least one proc sort in it. For a list, see dictionary of sas global statements in sas global statements. If however two or more variables need to be transposed, you need to transpose each variable separately and then merge the transposed data sets, which can be time consuming. Before you can use the s3 procedure, you need an amazon web service aws key id and secret. An easier and faster way to untranspose a wide file.
The simplest possible case of transposing switches the rows and columns of a matrix. The following will illustrate how to reshape data from long to wide using the data step. Transposing this matrix would turn it into a 3x2 matrix 3 rows, 2. For more information, see statements with the same function in multiple procedures. So, well need to use different options and statements in proc transpose to create our result.
In sas, two commonly used methods for transposing data are using either the tranpose procedure or array processing in the data step. Q1 q2 q3 q4 a 1 2 3 4 b 1 2 3 4 c 1 2 3 d 1 2 e 1 2 3 4 i have data like above and would like to import and reshape the data into what it looks like. One of the reasons that this is done is that it is more efficient to store your data in a vertical format and processing the data is easier in a horizontal. When i transpose this dataset it creates a dataset with 2. Example 2 on page 1280 out outputdataset names the output data set. For example, you can reshape your data using proc transpose or reshaping the data in a data step. We want to transpose data values within groups into rows. For each by group, proc transpose creates one observation for each variable that it transposes. Faster processing is possible because inmemory tables are manipulated locally on the server instead of being transferred across a relatively slow network connection. The proc transpose can save time and complexity once it is properly explained.
You can use the attrib, format, label, and where statements. Proc freq computes the same information, but does not require sorted data. For example, consider the following 2x3 matrix 2 rows, 3 columns. When a by statement is used with proc transpose, a variety of manipulations. However, if you use the let option in the proc transpose statement, then the procedure issues a warning message. How to reshape data wide to long using proc transpose.
Sas tutorial for beginners to advanced practical guide. This function if achieved in a data step can be much more cumbersome to code. If outputdataset does not exist, proc transpose creates it using the datan naming convention. Transposing multiple variables in a sas data set within a single macro call. Rotated1 created by proc transpose produces report 2. Daniel boisvert, genzyme corporation, cambridge ma shafi chowdhury, shafi consultancy, london england. The procedure pads the output data set with missing values if the number of observations in the input data set and the number of variables it transposes are. Proc transpose is a powerful yet underutilized proc in the base sas toolset. This paper will provide a non technical approach to understanding the transpose procedure by showing the programmer how to visualize the expected output. Selects observations from sas data sets that meet a particular condition that is true. The transpose procedure 4 by statement 1273 default. Reshaping data long to wide using the data step sas.
Now well use proc transpose to create a wide table. Now processing and presentation can be optimized separately from. You can find multiple examples in the sashelp library to help illustrate what a long dataset looks like. If proc freq is required on all the variables of a sas data set. We begin with a basic example of the proc transpose procedure for those readers not acquainted with the procedure. Proc transpose rearranges columns and rows of sas datasets, but its. This is because by default sas will only transpose the numeric variables.
Running proc transpose with cas actions has several advantages over processing within sas. It contains three sample sas input files, a set of basic proc transpose variations, and their output results. If applied to a traditional dataset, this would make it so that there was one row per variable, and one column per subject. A concrete example of the start data and the transpose used would help. Getting your data in shape with proc transpose pharmasug.
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